1. Africa ine 40% yepasi rose simba rezuva
Africa inowanzonzi "hot Africa".Kondinendi yose inomhanya nemuequator.Kunze kwekugara kwenguva refu masango emamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze (masango eGuinea kuWest Africa uye mazhinji eCongo Basin), magwenga ayo uye nzvimbo dzesavannah ndiyo yakakura kwazvo pasi.Munharaunda yegore, kune mazuva akawanda ezuva uye nguva yezuva yakareba zvikuru.
Pakati pavo, dunhu reEastern Sahara riri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAfrica rine mukurumbira nekuda kwepasi rose kupenya kwezuva.Dunhu iri rakasangana neavhareji yakakura yenguva yegore rekupenya kwezuva, nemaawa angangoita 4,300 ekupenya kwezuva pagore, zvakaenzana ne97% yenguva yakazara yezuva.Pamusoro pezvo, dunhu rinewo avhareji yepamusoro pagore yemwaranzi yezuva (yakanyanya kukosha yakanyorwa inodarika 220 kcal/cm²).
Low latitudes ndeimwe mukana wekuvandudzwa kwesimba rezuva mukondinendi yeAfrica: mazhinji acho ari munzvimbo dzinopisa, uko kusimba uye kusimba kwechiedza chezuva chakanyanya kukwirira.Kuchamhembe, maodzanyemba, nekumabvazuva kweAfrica, kune nzvimbo zhinji dzakaoma uye dzakaoma zvishoma dzine zuva rakawanda, uye zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvishanu zvekondinendi irenje, saka kune zuva rinogara riripo.
Iko kusanganiswa kweiyi geographical uye mamiriro ekunze ndicho chikonzero nei Africa ine yakakura simba rezuva.Nguva yakareba yakadaro yechiedza inobvumira kondinendi iyi isina hukuru hukuru hwegridhi kuti ikwanise kushandisa magetsi.
Pakasangana vatungamiri nevamiriri vezvemamiriro ekunze kuCOP26 kutanga kwaMbudzi gore rino, nyaya yesimba remagetsi inoshandiswa patsva muAfrica yakava imwe yemisoro yakakosha.Zvechokwadi, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, Africa yakapfuma mune simba rezuva.Inopfuura 85% yekondinendi yakagamuchira zviuru zviviri zvekWh/(㎡gore).The theoretical solar energy reserve inofungidzirwa kuva 60 miriyoni TWh/gore, inoverengera pasi rose Inenge 40%, asi nharaunda photovoltaic simba rekugadzira rinoita 1% chete yepasi rose.
Naizvozvo, kuti tisatadze zviwanikwa zvesimba rezuva reAfrica nenzira iyi, zvakakosha kukwezva mari yekunze.Parizvino, mabhiriyoni emari akazvimirira uye ehurumende akagadzirira kudyara muzuva uye mamwe mapurojekiti emagetsi anovandudzwa muAfrica.Hurumende dzeAfrica dzinofanira kuedza nepadzinogona napo kubvisa zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, izvo zvinogona kupfupikiswa semitengo yemagetsi, mitemo nemari.
2. Zvipingamupinyi pakuvandudzwa kwe photovoltaics muAfrica
①Mutengo wepamusoro
Makambani emuAfrica ndiwo anodhura zvakanyanya pasi rose.Kubva pakasainwa Chibvumirano cheParis makore matanhatu apfuura, kondinendi yeAfrica ndiyo chete nharaunda umo mugove wesimba rinowanikwazve mumusanganiswa wesimba wakamira.Sekureva kweInternational Energy Agency (IEA), chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi, solar uye mhepo mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi kondinendi ichiri pasi pe20%.Nekuda kweizvozvo, izvi zvave kuita kuti Africa iwedzere kutsamira pazviwanikwa zvesimba rezvicherwa zvakaita semarasha, gasi rechisikigo nedhiziri kuti rizadzise kudiwa kwayo kwemagetsi kuri kukurumidza kukura.Zvisinei, mutengo wemafuta aya munguva pfupi yapfuura wakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri kana kuti zvakapetwa katatu, zvichiita kuti simba rishaye simba muAfrica.
Kuitira kudzosera kumashure budiriro isina kugadzikana iyi, donzvo reAfrica rinofanira kunge riri rekuwedzera nekatatu mari yairi kuita pagore mumagetsi egabhoni yakaderera kusvika pamwero weUS$60 bhiriyoni pagore.Chikamu chikuru chekudyara uku chichashandiswa kutsigira mapurojekiti makuru ezuva.Asi zvakakoshawo kuisa mari mukukurumidza kutumirwa kwemagetsi ezuva uye kuchengetedza kune yakazvimirira.Hurumende dzemuAfrica dzinofanira kudzidza kubva kune zvakaitika uye zvidzidzo zveSouth Africa neEgypt kuti zvive nyore kumakambani kuisa mari mukugadzira simba rezuva zvichienderana nezvavanoda.
②Kuvhiringidza mutemo
Nehurombo, kunze kweKenya, Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa, nezvimwewo, vashandisi vesimba munyika zhinji dzemuAfrica vanorambidzwa nemutemo kutenga simba rezuva kubva kune vanopa vega muzviitiko zviri pamusoro.Kune nyika zhinji dzemuAfrica, sarudzo chete yekudyara kwezuva nemakondirakiti akazvimirira kusaina chibvumirano chekurenda kana kurojesa chibvumirano chako.Nekudaro, sezvatinoziva, rudzi urwu rwekondirakiti umo mushandisi anobhadharira midziyo haisi iyo yakanakisa zano kana ichienzaniswa neiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kondirakiti munyika umo mutengi anobhadhara magetsi.
Pamusoro pezvo, chechipiri chebumbiro remitemo chipingamupinyi chinotadzisa kudyara kwezuva muAfrica kushaikwa kwemambure emamita.Kunze kweSouth Africa, Egypt nedzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka, hazvigoneke kuti vashandisi vesimba vemuAfrica vaite mari yemagetsi akawandisa.Munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi, vashandisi vemagetsi vanogona kugadzira magetsi zvichienderana nezvibvumirano zvemambure emita zvakasainwa nemakambani emuno ekugovera magetsi.Izvi zvinoreva kuti mukati menguva apo simba rekugadzira magetsi echigadzirwa chemagetsi rinopfuura kudiwa, senge panguva yekugadzirisa kana zororo, vashandisi vemagetsi vanogona "kutengesa" simba rakawandisa kukambani yemagetsi yemuno.Kusavapo kwemambure metering kunoreva kuti vashandisi vesimba vanofanirwa kubhadhara kune ese asina kushandiswa solar simba, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kukwezva kwekudyara kwezuva.
Chechitatu chipingamupinyi chekudyara kwezuva irubatsiro rwehurumende pamitengo yedhiziri.Kunyangwe chiitiko ichi chiri pasi pekare, chichiri kukanganisa mhiri kwemakungwa simba rezuva rekudyara.Semuenzaniso, mutengo wedhiziri kuEgypt neNigeria iUS$0.5-0.6 parita, inova inenge hafu yemutengo muUnited States neChina, uye isingasviki chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemutengo muEurope.Naizvozvo, nekubvisa rubatsiro rwemafuta efossil chete, hurumende inogona kuona kuti mapurojekiti ezuva ari kukwikwidza zvizere.Iri ndiro dambudziko reupfumi hwenyika.Kuderedza urombo nemapoka akashaya muhuwandu kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakawanda.
③Nyaya dzemari
Pakupedzisira, mari zvakare inyaya huru.Kunyanya apo nyika dzemuAfrica dzinoda kukwezva mabhiriyoni emadhora emari yekunze, nyaya yemari haigone kufuratirwa.Vagadziri vekunze uye vanotora kunze havawanzo kuda kutora njodzi yemari (vasingadi kushandisa mari yemuno).Mune mimwe misika yemari yakaita seNigeria, Mozambique, neZimbabwe, kuwana madhora ekuAmerica kunenge kuri kushoma zvikuru.Muchokwadi, izvi zvinorambidza zvachose kudyara mhiri kwemakungwa.Naizvozvo, musika wemari yemvura uye yakagadzikana uye yakajeka mutemo wekuchinjana kune dzimwe nyika zvakakosha kune nyika dzinoda kukwezva vatengesi vezuva.
3. Remangwana resimba rinodzokororwa muAfrica
Maererano neongororo yakaitwa neInternational Monetary Fund, huwandu hwevanhu vemuAfrica hunotarisirwa kuwedzera kubva pabhiriyoni imwe muna 2018 kusvika pamabhiriyoni maviri muna 2050. Ukuwo, kudiwa kwemagetsi kuchawedzerawo nechikamu che3% gore negore.Asi pari zvino, zvitubu zvesimba muAfrica-marasha, oiri uye zvechinyakare biomass (huni, marasha uye mupfudze wakaoma), zvichakuvadza zvakanyanya nharaunda uye hutano.
Nekudaro, nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwesimba remagetsi, mamiriro enzvimbo yekondinendi yeAfrica pachayo, kunyanya kudzikira kwemitengo, zvese zvinopa mikana mikuru yekuvandudzwa kwesimba rinogoneka muAfrica mune ramangwana.
Mufananidzo uri pasi apa unoratidza kuchinja kwemitengo yemhando dzakasiyana dzesimba rinowanikwazve.Shanduko inonyanya kukosha ndeyekudonha kwakanyanya kwesimba rezuva photovoltaic simba, iro rakadonha ne77% kubva 2010 kusvika 2018. Kusarira kumashure kwesimba rezuva rekugonesa kuvandudzwa kwesimba remugungwa nekunze kwemhepo, izvo zvakasangana nekudonha kwakakosha asi kwete kunoshamisa kwemutengo.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe nekuwedzera kwemutengo kukwikwidza kwemhepo uye simba rezuva, kushandiswa kwesimba rinodzokororwa muAfrica kuchiri kusara kumashure kwepasirese: muna 2018, simba rezuva nemhepo pamwe chete zvakaverengera 3% yemagetsi eAfrica, nepo nyika yose Is 7%.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kunyange zvazvo kune nzvimbo yakawanda yekuvandudzwa kwesimba rinoshandiswazve muAfrica, kusanganisira photovoltaics, nekuda kwemitengo yakakwirira yemagetsi, zvipingamupinyi zvemitemo, matambudziko emari nezvimwe zvikonzero, matambudziko ekutsvaga mari akakonzerwa, uye kubudirira kwayo kwave kuripo. danho rakaderera.
Mune ramangwana, kwete simba rezuva chete, asi mune mamwe maitiro ekuvandudza simba rekuvandudza, kana matambudziko aya asina kugadziriswa, Africa ichagara iri mudenderedzwa rakashata re "kungoshandisa zvinodhura zvefossil simba uye kuwira muurombo".
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-24-2021