Ikozvino, zviri kuramba zvichinetsa kutenga zvicherwa zvepasi rose.Nekuti mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa yakawandisa zviwanikwa pane zvechinyakare zviwanikwa zvakaita seoiri.Nyika nhatu dzepamusoro dzine lithium uye cobalt reserves dzinodzora zvakatenderedza 80% yezviwanikwa zvepasirese.Nyika dzezviwanikwa dzakatanga kutonga zviwanikwa.Kana nyika dzakaita seEurope, United States neJapan dzikasakwanisa kuona zviwanikwa zvakakwana, zvibodzwa zvavo zve decarbonization zvinogona kuzadzikiswa.
Kukurudzira maitiro e decarbonization, zvinodikanwa kuramba uchitsiva mota dzepeturu nemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi senge mota dzemagetsi, uye kutsiva kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ekupisa nekugadzira simba remagetsi.Zvigadzirwa zvakadai semabhatiri emagetsi uye injini hazvigone kupatsanurwa kubva kumaminerari.Zvinofanotaurwa kuti kudiwa kwe lithium kuchawedzera kusvika 12.5 nguva dze2020 ne2040, uye kudiwa kwecobalt kuchawedzerawo kusvika ku5.7 nguva.Kusvibira kwesimba rekupa simba kunofambisa kukura kwechicherwa chinodiwa.
Parizvino, mitengo yese yezvicherwa iri kukwira.Tora lithium carbonate inoshandiswa mukugadzira mabhatiri semuenzaniso.Kubva pakupera kwaGumiguru, mutengo weChinese wekutengesa sechiratidzo cheindasitiri wakakwira kusvika pa190,000 yuan patani.Kuenzaniswa nekutanga kwaNyamavhuvhu, yakawedzera nekanopfuura ka2, ichizorodza mutengo wepamusoro munhoroondo.Chikonzero chikuru ndechekugovera kusina kuenzana kwenzvimbo dzekugadzira.Tora lithium semuenzaniso.Australia, Chile, neChina, idzo dziri pakati pevatatu vepamusoro, dzinotora 88% yemugove wepasi rose wekugadzira lithium, nepo cobalt inotora 77% yechikamu chepasi rose chenyika nhatu dzinosanganisira Democratic Republic of Congo.
Mushure mekuvandudzwa kwenguva refu kwezviwanikwa zvechinyakare, nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzawedzera kupararira, uye chikamu chakasanganiswa chenyika nhatu dzepamusoro muoiri uye gasi rechisikigo iri pasi pe50% yenyika yose.Asi sekudzikira kwekupihwa kwegasi rechisikigo muRussia kwakakonzera kukwira kwemitengo yegesi muEurope, njodzi yezvipingamupinyi zvekupa kubva kune zvechinyakare zviwanikwa zviri kuwedzerawo.Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune zvicherwa zvine huwandu hwakanyanya hwenzvimbo dzekugadzira, izvo zvinotungamira kune mukurumbira we "resource nationalism".
Democratic Republic of Congo, iyo ine chikamu chinosvika makumi manomwe kubva muzana chekugadzirwa kwecobalt, inoita kunge yatanga nhaurirano dzekugadzirisa zvibvumirano zvebudiriro zvakasainwa nemakambani ekuChina.
Chile iri kuongorora bhiri rekuwedzera mutero.Parizvino, makambani makuru emigodhi ari kuwedzera bhizinesi ravo munyika anosungirwa kubhadhara 27% yemutero wekambani uye mutero wemigodhi wakakosha, uye mutero chaiwo unotenderedza 40%.Chile ikozvino iri kukurukura mutero mutsva we3% wekukosha kwayo pamaminerari emigodhi, uye iri kufunga kuunza mitero yemitero yakabatanidzwa nemutengo wemhangura.Kana zvikaonekwa, mutero chaiwo unogona kuwedzera kusvika ku80%.
EU iri kutsvagawo nzira dzekudzikisa kutsamira kwayo pane zvinotengwa kunze kwenyika nekugadzira zviwanikwa zvedunhu nekuvaka ma network ekudzokorodza.Kambani yemotokari yemagetsi Tesla yakawana lithium deposits muNevada.
Japan, iyo inoshomeka zviwanikwa, haigone kuwana mhinduro yekugadzirwa kwemumba.Kunyangwe ichikwanisa kushandirapamwe neEurope neUnited States kuwedzera nzira dzekutenga ndiyo ichave kiyi.Mushure meCOP26 yakaitwa muna Gumiguru 31, makwikwi ekudzikisira kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse awedzera.Kana chero munhu akasangana nezvipingamupinyi mukutenga zviwanikwa, zvinokwanisika kusiiwa nenyika.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-19-2021